25 Laravel interview questions

25 Laravel interview questions

1.What is Laravel?

Laravel is free open source “PHP framework” based on MVC design pattern.
It is created by Taylor Otwell. Laravel provides expressive and elegant syntax that helps in creating a wonderful web application easily and quickly.

 2.What are pros and cons of using Laravel Framework?

Pros of using Laravel Framework

1. Laravel framework has in-built lightweight blade template engine to speed up compiling task and create layouts with dynamic content easily.
2. Hassles code reusability.
3. Eloquent ORM with PHP active record implementation
4. Built in command line tool “Artisan” for creating a code skeleton , database structure and build their migration

Cons of using laravel Framework

1. Development process requires you to work with standards and should have real understanding of programming
2. Laravel is new framework and composer is not so strong in compare to npm (for node.js), ruby gems and python pip.
3. Development in laravel is not so fast in compare to ruby on rails.
4. Laravel is lightweight so it has less inbuilt support in compare to django and rails. But this problem can be solved by integrating third party tools, but for large and very custom websites it may be a tedious task

 3.Explain Events in laravel ?

An event is an action or occurrence recognized by a program that may be handled by the program or code. Laravel events provides a simple observer implementation, that allowing you to subscribe and listen for various events/actions that occur in your application.
All Event classes are generally stored in the app/Events directory, while their listeners are stored in app/Listeners of your application.

 4.Explain validations in laravel?

In Programming validations are a handy way to ensure that your data is always in a clean and expected format before it gets into your database. Laravel provides several different ways to validate your application incoming data.By default Laravel’s base controller class uses a ValidatesRequests trait which provides a convenient method to validate all incoming HTTP requests coming from client.You can also validate data in laravel by creating Form Request.

5. How to install laravel via composer ?

You can install Laravel via composer by running below command.

composer create-project laravel/laravel your-project-name version

List some features of laravel 5.0 ?


Inbuilt CRSF (cross-site request forgery ) Protection.
Inbuilt paginations
Reverse Routing
Query builder
Route caching
Database Migration
IOC (Inverse of Control) Container Or service container



6.What is PHP artisan. List out some artisan commands ?

PHP artisan is
 the command line interface/tool included with Laravel. It provides a 
number of helpful commands that can help you while you build your 
application easily. Here are the list of some artisan command:-


php artisan list
php artisan help
php artisan tinker
php artisan make
php artisan –versian
php artisan make model model_name
php artisan make controller controller_name



7.List some default packages provided by Laravel 5.6 ?

Below are list of some official/ default packages provided by Laravel 5.6


Cashier
Envoy
Passport
Scout
Socialite
Horizon



8.What are named routes in Laravel?

Named routing is
 another amazing feature of Laravel framework. Named routes allow 
referring to routes when generating redirects or Urls more comfortably.
You can specify named routes by chaining the name method onto the route definition:

Route::get('user/profile', function () {
    //
})->name('profile');


You can specify route names for controller actions:

Route::get('user/profile', 'UserController@showProfile')->name('profile');

Once you have assigned a name to your routes, you may 
use the route's name when generating URLs or redirects via the global 
route function:

// Generating URLs...
$url = route('profile');
// Generating Redirects...
return redirect()->route('profile');



9.What is database migration. How to create migration via artisan ?

Migrations are
 like version control for your database, that’s allow your team to 
easily modify and share the application’s database schema. Migrations 
are typically paired with Laravel’s schema builder to easily build your 
application’s database schema.

Use below commands to create migration data via artisan.




10.What are service providers ?

Service Providers are
 central place where all laravel application is bootstrapped . Your 
application as well all Laravel core services are also bootstrapped by 
service providers.
 All service providers extend the 
Illuminate\Support\ServiceProvider class. Most service providers contain
 a register and a boot method. Within the register method, you should 
only bind things into the service container. You should never attempt to
 register any event listeners, routes, or any other piece of 
functionality within the register method.




11.Explain Laravel’s service container ?

One of the most powerful feature of Laravel is its Service Container. It is a powerful tool for resolving class dependencies and performing dependency injection in Laravel.
Dependency injection is
 a fancy phrase that essentially means class dependencies are “injected”
 into the class via the constructor or, in some cases, “setter” methods.




12.What is composer ?

Composer is a tool for 
managing dependency in PHP. It allows you to declare the libraries on 
which your project depends on and will manage (install/update) them for 
you.
Laravel utilizes Composer to manage its dependencies.




13.What is dependency injection in Laravel ?

In software 
engineering, dependency injection is a technique whereby one object 
supplies the dependencies of another object. A dependency is an object 
that can be used (a service). An injection is the passing of a 
dependency to a dependent object (a client) that would use it. The 
service is made part of the client’s state.[1] Passing the service to 
the client, rather than allowing a client to build or find the service, 
is the fundamental requirement of the pattern.




14.Explain Facades in Laravel ?

Laravel Facades provides a 
static like an interface to classes that are available in the 
application’s service container. Laravel self-ships with many facades 
which provide access to almost all features of Laravel ’s. Laravel 
facades serve as “static proxies” to underlying classes in the service 
container and provide benefits of a terse, expressive syntax while 
maintaining more testability and flexibility than traditional static 
methods of classes. All of Laravel’s facades are defined in the 
Illuminate\Support\Facades namespace. You can easily access a facade 
like so:


use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Cache;

Route::get('/cache', function () {
    return Cache::get('key');
});




15.What are Laravel eloquent?

Laravel’s Eloquent ORM
 is simple Active Record implementation for working with your database. 
Laravel provide many different ways to interact with your database, 
Eloquent is most notable of them. Each database table has a 
corresponding “Model” which is used to interact with that table. Models 
allow you to query for data in your tables, as well as insert new 
records into the table.

Below is sample usage for querying and inserting new records in Database with Eloquent.


// Querying or finding records from products table where tag is 'new'
$products= Product::where('tag','new');
// Inserting new record 
 $product =new Product;
 $product->title="Iphone 7";
 $product->price="$700";
 $product->tag='iphone';
 $product->save();




16.How to enable query log in Laravel ?

Use the enableQueryLog method to enable query log in Laravel


DB::connection()->enableQueryLog(); 
You can get array of the executed queries by using getQueryLog method:
$queries = DB::getQueryLog();




17.What is reverse routing in Laravel?

Laravel reverse routing
 is generating URL's based on route declarations. Reverse routing makes 
your application so much more flexible. It defines a relationship 
between links and Laravel routes. When a link is created by using names 
of existing routes, appropriate Uri's are created automatically by 
Laravel. Here is an example of reverse routing.

// route declaration

Route::get(‘login’, ‘users@login’);
Using
 reverse routing we can create a link to it and pass in any parameters 
that we have defined. Optional parameters, if not supplied, are removed 
from the generated link.

{{ HTML::link_to_action('users@login') }}



18.How to turn off CRSF protection for specific route in Laravel?

To turn off CRSF protection in Laravel add following codes in “app/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php”

 
//add an array of Routes to skip CSRF check
private $exceptUrls = ['controller/route1', 'controller/route2'];
 //modify this function
public function handle($request, Closure $next) {
 //add this condition foreach($this->exceptUrls as $route) {
 if ($request->is($route)) {
  return $next($request);
 }
}
return parent::handle($request, $next);
} 



19.Does Laravel support caching?

Yes, Laravel supports popular caching backends like Memcached and Redis.

 By default, Laravel is configured to use the file cache driver, which 
stores the serialized, cached objects in the file system.For large 
projects, it is recommended to use Memcached or Redis.




20.Explain Laravel’s Middleware?

As the name suggests, 
Middleware acts as a middleman between request and response. It is a 
type of filtering mechanism. For example, Laravel includes a middleware 
that verifies whether the user of the application is authenticated or 
not. If the user is authenticated, he will be redirected to the home 
page otherwise, he will be redirected to the login page.

There are two types of Middleware in Laravel.
 Global Middleware: will run on every HTTP request of the application.




21.What is Lumen?

Lumen is PHP micro-framework
 that built on Laravel’s top components.It is created by Taylor Otwell. 
It is perfect option for building Laravel based micro-services and fast 
REST API’s. It’s one of the fastest micro-frameworks available.
 You can install Lumen using composer by running below command

composer create-project --prefer-dist laravel/lumen blog



22.Explain Bundles in Laravel?

In Laravel, bundles are also 
called packages.Packages are the primary way to extend the functionality
 of Laravel. Packages might be anything from a great way to work with 
dates like Carbon, or an entire BDD testing framework like Behat.In 
Laravel, you can create your custom packages too




23.List types of relationships available in Laravel Eloquent?

Below are types of relationships supported by Laravel Eloquent ORM.


One To One
One To Many
One To Many (Inverse)
Many To Many
Has Many Through
Polymorphic Relations
Many To Many Polymorphic Relations



24.Why are migrations necessary?

Migrations are necessary because:


Without
 migrations, database consistency when sharing an app is almost 
impossible, especially as more and more people collaborate on the web 
app.
Your production database needs to be synced as well.



25.Provide System requirements for installation of Laravel framework ?

In order to install Laravel, make sure your server meets the following requirements:


PHP >= 7.1.3
OpenSSL PHP Extension
PDO PHP Extension
Mbstring PHP Extension
Tokenizer PHP Extension
XML PHP Extension
Ctype PHP Extension
JSON PHP Extension



List some Aggregates methods provided by query builder in Laravel ?


count()
max()
min()
avg()
sum()

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